I know plenty of machinists who use calipers not mics for most measurements.
A mic requires more skill, because you can overtighten it (at least the ones without ratcheting things on the ends). Caliper, just jam it tight and call it good.
Gonna guess it's got something to do with the jaws of the caliper flexing slightly over their length. I have a vague recollection of my grandfather (a machinist for 40+ years) telling me that you should put your part as close to the inside of the jaws as possible.